Motocross and Me free essay sample

In what manner will your quality enhance our locale? An incredible inclination overpowers me as I sit three feet over the ground, wind blowing past me 30mph, and my solitary security is my parity. This is my life, 40 riders all-focusing on a similar objective, to win. I contrast myself with motocross on the grounds that it’s my life, put in a game. Motocross is free and about individuals having a similar objective, which to me is the equivalent with school. Motocross has good and bad times; I am continually considering what will occur straightaway, or whom I am facing. I have been riding for a long time at this point, and from that point forward I have made me fully aware of another viewpoint. I was at one time the one in the corner continually shaking, getting anxious when somebody would converse with me, particularly in the event that it was a kid. Motocross has let me come liberated from my shell and act naturally. We will compose a custom paper test on Motocross and Me or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the track everybody is well disposed contrasted with school, continually making a difference. Don’t misunderstand me, individuals are decent at school as well, however at the track they don’t judge you for what you do or your ability level. I have picked up companions and information from this experience. I race with the two ladies and men. In spite of the fact that motocross is known to be a man’s sport, ladies may one day be the dominators. The women’s class has gone to be my closest companions. They have instructed me that triumphant isn’t everything, â€Å"if you can’t acknowledge losing, you can’t win,† I have taken this to be one of the statements that just may change the manner in which I take a gander at things. There is this young lady; she is hard of hearing, and an ace motocross racer! Her name is Ashley, on the off chance that I were she, I would have never envisioned it to be conceivable, to race motocross with o ther expert racers. That just goes to show you can do anything you set your attention to. I might one day want to meet her; she also is 17 years of age and has confronted a lot more difficulties. She can’t hear if a rider is coming up behind her, and depends on shadows. She can’t hear when she needs to move, and depends on vibration of the bicycle. She is a motivation to me, and numerous other female riders. It just demonstrates that you can’t consistently be extraordinary at all that you do; you need to lose and fall as well. Triumph wouldn’t feel so incredible except if you needed to work for it. I have confronted difficulties through motocross, awakening at 4 a.m. to prepare for a race that will last throughout the day. Watching somebody you love get sent to the medical clinic, and not recognizing what their condition is. I have needed to manage track-dramatization also, indeed, it is for the most part individuals not judging and being decent, yet like most places there are individuals that may cause show and ruin one another’s notoriety. I have experienced what I think, every last bit of it. Somebody once let me know, â€Å"always recollect where you originated from, you also were once at the bottom,† this is valid. You also were once composing a school paper to dazzle, you may likewise realize it is very nerve raking and it takes numerous attempts to hit the nail on the head, regardless of whether it isn’t precisely at the point you’d like it to be. Getting a â€Å"A† in school or acclaim on this paper would be nearly as extraordinary as passing the high contrast checkered banner before any other individual. In spite of the fact that I have not done it yet, I am resolved, I have one trophy yet to get, and that is first.

Summary of the Achilles’ heel free essay sample

Writing audit proposes that Harmonious and composed associations are answerable for giving financial and key advantages to the two accomplices. Despite the fact that, it likewise gives a brilliant picture that trust and duty are the two basic apparatuses which can prompt fulfillment between the two accomplices, it isn't correct, all things considered. The investigation plans to concentrate on the factor which lessens the chance of accomplice changing from global viewpoint. Observational information recommends that responsibility, advantage and commitment are missing from work. From global point of view, if these attributes are missing in work, they can hamper the longest and best relationships[1]. A merchant needs to focus on the manufacturer’s credit duties so as to grow his viewpoints. In this manner, it might be important to expand the leave cost. The examination intends to break down responsibility, social responsiveness; openings and the chance of exchanging accomplices and believes them to be fundamental part of connection between the producer and the merchant. We will compose a custom article test on Synopsis of the Achilles’ heel or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Responsibility diminishes the chance of accomplice exchanging as the submitted accomplices cooperate to persevere through better operational and vital outstanding burden. Social responsiveness is important to keep up solidness in the solid, serious market on the grounds that a responsive merchant will work successfully with the producer to arrive at shared objectives. Crafty conduct whenever indicated exorbitantly is well on the way to end the connection between the merchant and the producer. Exchanging accomplices is well on the way to happen when the producer is disappointed with the merchant. Nonetheless, maker fulfillment is no doubt diminishing the chance of evolving accomplices. The investigation gathered a few examples and studies organizations which were arranged by size. In excess of 700 respondents were considered. The outcomes were investigated and it reasoned that distributor’s vital influence negatively affects the manufacturer’s fulfillment, responsibility impacts fulfillment, the responsiveness of the merchant additionally has positive effect on manufacturer’s fulfillment, advantage doesn't impact fulfillment and manufacturer’s fulfillment with the wholesaler abatements the likelihood of exchanging partners[2]. In any case, this examination has a few limitations. Since it was directed in United States, it doesn't cover the whole world. Likewise trust is another requirement which has not been broke down in this examination. End The writing focuses on accepting points of interest of open doors when evolving accomplices. The examination uses a confounded, multifaceted framework where endorsement, satisfaction and understanding in appropriating rent expands the likelihood of accomplice exchanging. The idea that time based consistent, steady relationship is a misnomer since helplessness subject to time. So as to make acceptable cross-fringe relationship, it is basic to set up a significant, significant dependable and solid relationship without destroying openings. The raised ventures and involved acquaintance is the way to bring fulfillment between the two accomplices. In excess of 700 examples were contemplated. The investigation dissected Commitment, social responsiveness, openings and the chance of exchanging accomplices and reached the resolution that these are fundamental elements which can decide the connection between the maker and wholesaler. References: Deligonul, Seyda, Daekwan, Kim, Roath, Anthony S. also, Cavusgil Erin, ‘The Achilles impact point of a suffering relationship: Appropriation of rents between a producer and its outside distributor’, Journal of Business Research, 2006, vol. 59, issue 7, pages 802-810(2006) [1] Deligonul, Seyda, Daekwan, Kim, Roath, Anthony S. also, Cavusgil Erin, ‘The Achilles impact point of a suffering relationship: Appropriation of rents between a maker and its outside distributor’, Journal of Business Research, 2006, vol. 59, issue 7, pages 802-810(2006) [2] Deligonul, Seyda, Daekwan, Kim, Roath, Anthony S. what's more, Cavusgil Erin, ‘The Achilles impact point of a suffering relationship: Appropriation of rents between a maker and its remote distributor’, Journal of Business Research, 2006, vol. 59, issue 7, pages 802-810(2006)

Antipsychotics for Borderline Personality Disorder

Antipsychotics for Borderline Personality Disorder September 19, 2019 Tom Merton/OJO Images/Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Your psychiatrist may prescribe antipsychotics for one or more of your borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms.   Why Antipsychotics for Borderline Personality Disorder? The term borderline was coined because early psychiatrists believed that the symptoms of BPD were on the border between neurosis and psychosis. For this reason, some of the first medications tested for BPD were antipsychotics. Although we now know that BPD does not share features with psychosis (and is not a psychotic disorder), research has shown that antipsychotic medications may be effective in reducing some of the symptoms of BPD â€" specifically, anger and hostility, intense mood shifts, and cognitive symptoms, like paranoid thinking. That being said, research shows that antipsychotics are not effective in  improving anxiety, depressed mood, and ?impulsivity in BPD. In addition, while the short-term use of antipsychotics may be effective in BPD, the benefit of frequent and long-term use of antipsychotic is controversial. Types of Antipsychotics There are two main types of antipsychotics: typical and atypical. Typical Antipsychotics. Typical antipsychotics are the older variety of antipsychotic medications, known as first-generation antipsychotics. They are less commonly used due to their potential for serious side effects like movement disorders. Some typical antipsychotics are: Haldol (haloperidol)Navane (thiothixene)Stelazine (trifluoperazine) Atypical Antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics are the newer generation of antipsychotic medications, and they produce less of the movement related to side-effects. The six atypical antipsychotics are: Zyprexa (olanzapine)Clozaril (clozapine)Seroquel (quetiapine)Abilify (aripiprazole)Geodon (ziprasidone)Risperdal (risperidone) Side Effects of Antipsychotics Tardive dyskinesia, a side effect that can occur from the long-term use of antipsychotics, involves uncontrollable movements of the face, lips, tongue, limbs, and fingers. Its irreversible, and the risk of developing it is higher with the typical antipsychotics than the atypical antipsychotics. Other potential side effects are called extrapyramidal symptoms, like akathisia, an intense sense of restlessness and agitation. Extrapyramidal symptoms are also more common with the typical than the atypical antipsychotics.  Neuroleptic malignant syndrome  is a rare but very serious condition associated with antipsychotics involving high fever, delirium, and muscle rigidity. While  the atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms, they are associated with other side effects like weight gain, new onset diabetes, a rise in cholesterol, sexual dysfunction, and heart problems. In addition, some of the individual antipsychotics carry their own unique side effects. For instance, a  rare but potentially fatal side effect of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine is agranulocytosis, a decrease in white blood cells. Regular monitoring of blood counts is required when this agent is used. As shown, there are a number of potential side effects associated with antipsychotics, and they vary by the type (typical vs atypical) of antipsychotic, as well as the individual medication. If your doctor prescribes an antipsychotic, be sure to review the side effects with your doctor and take the medication as directed.   Bottom Line Treating BPD requires an individualized approachâ€"meaning what works for you is likely different from what works for someone else. It will take time for you and your doctor to devise a plan for optimizing your care for your BPD, and this plan may include both medication and psychotherapy. The good news is that there are excellent treatment options available that can help you feel better and get well. A proper discussion and asking the right questions can get you on your way to figuring out the right option for you. Borderline Personality Disorder Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF

Patient Teaching - Incentive Spirometer - 1640 Words

Patient Teaching–Incentive Spirometer Sergei Pugachov Georgia Southern University School of Nursing Dr. Linda Upchurch NURS 3163 An incentive spirometer is a device that our patients use to improve the function of their lungs. This main underlying principle is that breathing can be exercised to train the expansion of lungs capacity (Potter, Perry, Stockert, amp; Hall, 2013). Patients who qualify for this intervention include those who have recently had a surgery, were under anesthesia, or have been placed on bed rest. Our main concern here is that these situations create opportunity for less activity within the lungs, which can put the patient at risk for pneumonia. The goal of incentive spirometer is to keep the lungs†¦show more content†¦Shallow breathing and pain altered this patient’s comfort. Therefore, one of the nursing diagnoses can be stated as â€Å"Breathing Pattern, Ineffective r/t pain and anxiety, as evidenced by respiratory depth changes (Ackley amp; Ladwig p. 175). We briefly discussed the specifics of incentive spirometry use before initiating the intervention. After return de monstration, the patient was ready to use his incentive spirometer. Outcome Patient outcome consisted of performing 10 deep breaths per hour. We have reviewed details that were difficult for the patient to remember, such as breathing out before placing the lips on the mouthpiece, and holding breath for 3 to 5 seconds at the top of each inhalation. With empathy, I provided understanding that being hospitalized is never easy due to sensory overload, pain and lack of privacy. Additionally, we have discussed the basic pathophysiology of lung inflammation and what it can do to a person. So overall, the outcome included enhanced disease knowledge with effective use of incentive spirometer. Therapeutic Nursing Interventions Educational intervention was necessary when the patient was observed making three common mistakes. First, I reminded the client that it is preferred to breathe out before putting the mouthpiece in the mouth. Second, the mouth has to form a tight seal around the mouth piece for maximum efficiency. Finally, I explained the goal ofShow MoreRelatedAs Nurses, One Of Our Responsibilities Is To Educate And1223 Words   |  5 PagesAs nurses, one of our responsibilities is to educate and assess our patient’s learning needs. It is important for us to evaluate their health behaviors and identify areas where there may be a necessity for additional teaching. For example, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is common among the elderly population. COPD affects nearly thirteen million adults in the U.S. Although the disease is preventable and treatable, it is the third leading cause of death, 120,000 deaths every year areRead MoreA Reflection On Th e Nurse1656 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch more than the physiological care that most people think of as being the sole duties of a nurse. A good nurse provides patient care that is holistic, which encompasses the physiological, spiritual, mental and cultural aspects of each individual patient (Sharon, 2014). It is a process of healing that involves the mind, body and spirit. To meet all the needs of a patient, the nurse utilizes holistic care to assist in managing the patient’s illness, symptoms, health, healing and function whichRead MoreCase Study Assessment For Copd881 Words   |  4 PagesEncourage deep breathing exercise, effective coughing, the use of incentive spirometer Administer oxygen as prescribed; no more than 2 liters of oxygen Administer medication as prescribed(Bronchodilator and steroids) Chest Physical therapy Smoking cessation Dietary Prescriptions It is important that patients with COPD to increase their calories intake and decrease sodium intake as well drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day. Patients with COPD should consume more calories to help produce energyRead MoreImproving Patient s Quality And Longevity Of Life1183 Words   |  5 Pages90 days. For patients with conditions like CHF, the rate of readmission within 30 days reaches 25%. The estimated cost for unplanned rehospitalizations in 2004 was $17.4 billion. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services penalizes hospitals for high rates of readmission within 30 days of discharge for patients with CHF, MI, and pneumonia. Although there is no significant evidence that failed patient education is the exact cause for the readmissions, providing education to patients might haveRead MoreEffectiveness Of Discharge Planning For Patients Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication, August 25, 2016). Evidence-based practice enhances care and the delivery process as well as improving patient outcomes, thus the reason it is recommended when providing discharge planning for patients. Research shows numerous barriers restrict effective discharge teaching. Inadequate comprehension is the leading barrier preventing successful teaching thus increasing patient adverse effects, risks, and poor outcomes according to the article, â€Å"Effective Discharge Communication in the EmergencyRead MoreHospital Acquired Pneumonia Case Study1968 Words   |  8 Pagesmorbidity (Seymann, 2008). This paper is a case study of a 52 year old female who was in the hospital for a scheduled gastric bypass surgery. During a post-op test she aspirated dye thus beginning the process of her developing nosocomial pneumonia. The patient was discharged only to return to the emergency department the following day presenting with signs and symptoms of pneumonia. This paper will discuss her diagnosis, treatment, risk factors, nursing care, socioeconomic influences, and diagnostic testingRead MoreA Short Note On Emphysema, The Irreversible Enlargement Of The Acini1286 Words   |  6 Pagesmore difficult because air is trapped in the lungs and it cannot be exhaled passively. As a result of the trapped air, the lungs become hyperinflated which in turn increases the workload of breathing. With further progression of the disease many patients develop hypoventilation and hypercapnia. Another consequence of the unrelenting inflammation of the airways is hyperreactivity of the bronchi with bronchoconstriction (Huether McCance, 2012). Emphysema is included under the broader medical diagnosesRead MoreDepartment Of Nursing Education Teaching Plan1169 Words   |  5 Pages DEPARTMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION TEACHING PLAN STUDENT NAME: Carla Sanchez PROFESSOR’S NAME: John Tote PATIENT’S INITIALS: A.D. MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: Severe Coronary Artery Disease ASSESSMENT LEARNING NEEDS Patient is a 74 y/o male who is post op Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (x 5) surgery. Mr. D and his wife are of Lebanese descent. I was present during the removal of this patient’s chest tube, and there was difficulty with him following directions as far as taking 3 deep breaths and holding the lastRead MoreProfessional Growth Through Collaborative Efforts And Leadership Skills992 Words   |  4 Pagesspecial events that I hold meaningful in my current profession. I work as a registered nurse on the surgical specialties unit and have been there for thirty years. Most of the patients that I care for are post-surgical patients. One particular event that I will be discussing throughout this paper is that of an extremely painful patient. By utilizing the transformational model I will be able to show how I have established professional growth through collaborative efforts and leadership skills. ClinicalRead MoreEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (Eras) Are A Relatively1681 Words   |  7 PagesEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) are a relatively new set of protocols arising in the 1990’s which have since been coined the gold standard in surgical patient care. They have been increasing adopted in because overall research has shown them to be a safe and cost effective way of reducing length of hospital stay and positive patient outcomes. ERAS protocols are threaded throughout the perioperative care, including pre, intra and post-operative phases. I will analysis two research papers which

Black Women’s Role in Popular Culture An Analysis of The...

In modern day society, popular culture has gained equal status to world issues and politics. Music, movies, and literature have started cultural revolutions and challenged the straight-forward thinking many individuals have accepted in the past. But while popular culture can advance new ideas and create movements, it also has the ability to challenge advancements society has made. Imani Perry’s essay, The Venus Hip Hop and the Pink Ghetto, focuses on hip hop and its negative impact on women and body image. In The Venus Hip Hop and the Pink Ghetto, Imani Perry argues that the over-sexualized, unattainable bodies of black women in popular culture will lead to the breakdown of feminism and the positive body image of the everyday black†¦show more content†¦Her clothes accentuate her cleavage or have a sexual shock factor, such as wearing â€Å"sequined pasties†¦[that] coordinate with the rest of her attire†. The vulgar, sexual nature of her raps makes it impos sible for her to not receive attention from the media. Another artist, Eve, dresses sexually to accentuate her body and appears in videos with music video models but raps about social issues like domestic violence. By comparing the nature of these artists and their music, Perry tries to show that young girls have very few role models in hip hop that promote positive feminists values and body images. But, she neglects to discuss other feminist artists she mentions in the essay such as Destiny’s Child and Mary J. Blige and how their lyrics and actions in the media allow young black girls to have positive role models that show a woman can be independent, strong, and beautiful in their own way. Perry’s focus on the more sexualized female artists in hip hop and how their shocking appearance and lyrics allow them to be as successful as their male counterparts took away from the development of her argument about conservative artists and their success. By leading the reader to believe that artists are either overly-sexual or conservative, Perry limits how the reader forms an opinion on why or why not young girls’ body image may be threatened by the media and the hip hop

Argumentative Thoreau Essay Free Essays

Jessica Taylor 13, February 2012 AP English Mrs. Mercer Self-Sufficiency and Individualism Can Harm a Community Henry David Thoreau goes to the woods to live away from duties and to live a life of leisure. He moves far away from any method of communication, such as the post office. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Thoreau Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He wishes to live independently and self-sufficiently. The quote â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life†¦and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. † He summarizes his reasons for living in the woods in this quote. Thoreau wants to live deliberately; to choose his own course and have no one else influence his life. He doesn’t want to get old and look back and realize that there are things in life that he wanted to do, that he has never done. If everyone in a community lived by the virtues of individualism and self-sufficiency, then there would be no community. In a community, everyone contributes something. Individuals in a community work together, in order to solve problems and issues facing the community. Such as, if there has been a terrible natural disaster, communities work together to repair the damage. If the damage is more extensive in some areas than others, then the individuals of that community can work harder to restore it. If everyone in a community lived by the virtues of individualism and self-sufficiency, then in times of crisis or suffering, there would be no sense of community where people helped one another. Also if a community lived by these virtues, then there would be no trust. In order to gain or build trust, there has to be some sort of connection between individuals. In Thoreau’s self-sufficient world, there was no communication. If a person held the virtue of self-sufficiency, this may make other individuals feel offended. People would feel offended because today’s world is all about communication. If an individual blocked out other people and did not allow them to help him/her, then this might make the other individual feel as if they were not beneficial. Instead of being a community, it would be more of a rivalry between individuals. There would be no trust or companionship. In times when individuals would need each other’s help; there would be no sense of alliance. Everyone would be against one another, because everyone would feel as if each other were untrustworthy. In the United States, we are one giant community; there are many communities within the major one. In times of war or battle, we stand together. Above all, the citizens in the U. S are able to come together to fight the battles when needed. If every citizen in the U. S lived by the virtues of self-sufficiency and individualism then there would be no U. S. in times of war; there would be no army. In an army you must work together to find the best solution to the problem, there has to be teamwork and trust. In a self-sufficient world, everyone would want to do things in their own way, and in return this would cause chaos. A community is a beneficial factor, without it we have nothing. Yes, being self-sufficient can be a helpful virtue, but in the condition of the community it is one virtue that can destroy the community. If there was no sense of an alliance, there would be no way to survive a natural disaster or fatal event. A community can strive and recover from a setback, whereas, if an individual was self-sufficient, then this would be much more difficult. How to cite Argumentative Thoreau Essay, Essay examples

Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf free essay sample

Anonymous Was a Woman For the overwhelming majority of human history, women have been viewed as subservient beings whose foremost functions were child rearing and homemaking. Until recently, it was widely accepted that a womans place was in the home; financial responsibility for the family fell exclusively on the mans shoulders. Recently, the distinct line distinguishing gender roles has become blurred and it is not uncommon for the woman to be the provider and her husband the homemaker. In the era immediately preceding the modern feminist movement, many individuals advocated omens rights and encouraged women to be fiscally and personally independent. One such advocate was the Victorian writer Virginia Woolf. During the era in which she lived, successful, proficient women were a rarity. However, Woolf avidly urged women to follow her example and surmount this societal obstacle in order to achieve professional accomplishment. In his 1961 play, Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Edward Albee creates Martha, who is essentially the antithesis of Woolfs independent, professional woman. We will write a custom essay sample on Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While she is by no means the stereotypical meek and gentle ousewife of the early and mid twentieth century, Martha is clearly impeded by gender expectations. The feminism embodied by Woolf and typified in her speech, Professions for Women, provides insight into the underlying significance of the recurring song Whos afraid of Virginia Woolf as it relates to Martha in Albees play. In Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Albee delves into the stereotypical roles of men and women. Martha, the hostess wife, is depicted as a woman dependent on the aid of men. Before meeting her husband George, Martha lived under the support and guidance of her father. Even when she became an adult, her goal was not to find success, but rather to find a man whose success she could live through. The thought of personal sustainment was a fleeting one, if one at all. After knowing her guests, Nick and Honey, for a mere few hours, Martha drunkenly divulges to them intimate details of her life. When recounting her early adulthood, Martha says, So after I got done with college and stuff, I came back here and sort of sat around, for a while. I wasnt married, or anything I was a hostess for Daddy and I took care of him and it was nice. It was very nice. (Albee 85-86). Although she attended college, Martha never intended the fruit of her education to be applied professionally. While most college graduates might seek employment upon graduating, Martha had no such aim. Instead, she passively allowed herself to be pushed down the path that society had cleared for her. As with countless women before her, Marthas life was controlled by the men in it; until she married George, Martha was preoccupied with the care of her father. One man was seamlessly replaced by another and the hesitation in her speech suggests that she was less than satisfied with this. While Martha and many other women have succumbed to the pressures of society, a select few were able to overcome them and find success. Of these exceptional women, Virginia Woolf stands out as an intelligent, outspoken supporter of womens rights. The pit of reliance that Martha fell into was exactly what Woolf spoke out against. In her essay Three Guineas, Woolf states that, o depend on upon a profession is a less odious form absolutely necessary for women to break the shackles of financial dependence in order to be free. Through her various speeches, essays, and other writings, Virginia Woolf clarifies her opinions and proves to be an extremely intelligent and thoughtful woman. Woolfs mastery of language competes with some of the most revered male authors throughout history. Despite the male dominance in society, Virginia Woolf was able to elevate herself to an equal level. In addition to overcoming obstacles personally, Woolf actively advised other women to do the same. In her speech to a group of women in the National Society for Womens Service, Virginia Woolf elucidates the prejudices that stand in the way of women professionals (Woolf, Professions). Despite the advances made by her and other prominent females, Woolf insists that women must continue sincerely in the fght for professional liberty. As Woolf speaks earnestly in an attempt to promote female liberation and advancement, Martha counteracts the effort by taking a backseat position in her own life. After deciding she would like to secure her legacy at the university which her father runs, she concludes that the best and only way to accomplish this is by marrying into it. Instead of trying to become an active component herself, Martha relies on her relations with men, as she historically has, to solidify her fate. When she marries George, Martha expects that he will be able to rise to an authoritative position and will eventually replace her father as president; to her immense disappointment, George reveals himself as a flop and stands no chance of promotion (Albee). Throughout the play, Martha harps on George for his lack of professional accomplishment, but it is more than likely that some if not all of her disappointment in him stems from an even deeper dissatisfaction with herself. By continually matching wits with her husband, Martha proves to be a competent and cunning woman. Unlike Woolf, however, she refuses to channel her intellect roductively. Due to the impeding decisions that she repeatedly makes, Martha becomes the enslaved woman that Woolf so fervently rebukes. The third and final time the song Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf appears in the play, Martha responds by saying l am George am (Albee 257). In this closing scene, Marthas tough fapde crumbles revealing a poignant vulnerability. Obviously Martha is not literally afraid of Virginia Woolf; rather, she is intimidated by the values that Woolf embodies. While Martha may realize that she is capable of self-sustainment, she submits to the osition that society has put her in and relies on men to support her. Instead of using her intellect in the workplace as Woolf advises, Martha employs it maliciously and plays mind games with her houseguests. Without former knowledge of Virginia Woolf and her accomplishments, one might not fully or even remotely comprehend the implication of Marthas response. However, with the understanding of Woolf and her feminist values, it becomes clear why Marthas character might fear the strength and independence that Woolf promotes. As with countless women before her, Martha is weary of breaking the tradition of her male dominated society.

Treaty of Versailles Source study Essays - International Relations

Treaty of Versailles Source study Essays - International Relations Treaty of Versailles Source study Source 1 80. Germany will respect the independence of Austria.81. Germany recognizes the complete independence of Czechoslovakia.87. Germany recognizes the complete independence of Poland.119. Germany surrenders all her rights and titles over her overseas countries.159. The German military forces shall be demobilized and reduced not to exceed 100,000 men.181. The German navy must not exceed 6 battleships, 6 light cruisers, 12 destroyers, and 12 torpedo boats. No submarines are to be included.198. The Armed Forces of Germany must not include any military or naval air forces. 231. Germany and her Allies accept the responsibility for causing all the loss and damage to the Allied Powers.*233. Germany will pay for all damages done to the civilian population and property of the Allied Governments. [The figure was later set at $33 billion].428. To guarantee the execution of the Treaty, the German territory situated to the west of the Rhine River will be occupied by Allied troops for fifteen years.431. The occupation forces will be withdrawn as soon as Germany complies with the Treaty. Extracts from the Treaty of Versailles, signed 1919 Source: https://www.facinghistory.org/weimar-republic-fragility-democracy/politics/treaty-versailles-summaries-specific-articles-politics-treaty Source 2 Source: http://urbachc.org/urb-versailles-political-cartoons.html Use Source 1 and 2, explain what impact the Treaty of Versailles had on Germany politically and economically.5 Marks Using the sources and your own knowledge, examine the motivations of those who created the Treaty of Versailles. 10 Marks Using the sources and your own knowledge, analyse the contribution of the Treaty of Versailles to Hitler's rise to power.10 Marks

Chemtrails Versus Contrails

Chemtrails Versus Contrails Do you know the difference between a chemtrail and a contrail? A contrail is an abbreviation for condensation trail, which is a visible white vapor trail produced as water vapor condenses from aircraft engine exhaust. Contrails consist of water vapor or tiny ice crystals. The length of time they persist varies from several seconds to a few hours, depending largely on the temperature and humidity. Chemtrails, on the other hand, are chemical trails purportedly resulting from an intentional high-altitude release of chemical or biological agents. While you might think chemtrails would include crop dusting, cloud seeding and chemical drops for firefighting, the term is only applied to illicit activities as part of a conspiracy theory. Proponents of the chemtrail theory believe chemtrails may be distinguished from contrails by color, displaying a criss-cross trail pattern and persistent appearance. The purpose of chemtrails might be weather control, solar radiation control, or testing of various agents on people, flora or fauna. Atmospheric experts and government agencies say there is no basis for the chemtrail conspiracy theory. Key Takeaways: Contrails vs Chemtrails Contrails are condensation trails left in the sky when the water in aircraft engine exhaust condenses to form artificial clouds.Contrails may last a matter or seconds or persist several hours. Contrails dissipate more slowly when a lot of water vapor is present in the atmosphere. Lower temperatures also aid contrail persistence.Chemtrails refer to a conspiracy theory. The theory stems from a belief in intentional high-altitude releases of chemicals or biological agents.Supposedly, chemtrails are indicated by contrails that persist, occur in a criss-cross pattern, or display colors besides white.Scientists and government agencies have found no evidence supporting the existence of chemtrails. It is true agents are released into the atmosphere from time to time for cloud seeding and experiments on controlling solar radiation. Are Contrails Harmful? Even if its assumed contrails serve no nefarious purpose, its worth asking whether they impact the environment and whether they are potentially harmful. To answer this question, its useful to understand how contrails form. An aircraft with a jet engine burns fuel and releases an exhaust plume into the atmosphere. The composition of the fuel is tightly regulated to minimize impurities, but may contain a small fraction of nitrogen or sulfur. Combustion releases carbon dioxide and water, two important greenhouse gases. Sulfur particles provide nuclei on which water vapor may condense into droplets. The collection of droplets appears as a contrail. Basically, a contrail is an artificial cloud. Criss-crossing contails occur in high traffic areas. Researchers know the clouds produced by aircraft have an impact on air temperature and may impact rainfall and weather patterns. Basically, contrails have the potential to affect global climate change. However, the nature and extent of the change is uncertain. Contrail cover is expected to change over time as aircraft technology, the number of aircraft, and humidity conditions evolve. Persistent contrail cloud cover is expected to increase, at least until 2050 (the end date of the forecast). Aircraft emissions are regulated because they have the potential to contribute to ozone formation and smog. Jet engines emit nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides, carbon black, and hydrocarbons (as well aforementioned carbon dioxide, water, and sulfur). However, contrails are not believed to have any immediate effect on public health. Small aircraft do use leaded fuel and release lead into the atmosphere (but dont produce visible trails). Modern Chemtrails If the concept of chemtrails is expanded to include the intentional release of chemicals into the atmosphere (not for some evil purpose), then such projects do exist. Weather modification in the form of cloud seeding is used in parts of the world, including China and Southeast Asia. Some of the chemicals used in the process (typically silver iodide, potassium iodide, table salt, liquid propane, or dry ice) can affect human health and damage the environment. Solar radiation management is an area of ongoing study intended to reflect sunlight and reduce global warming. Some proposed methods include the release of sulfate aerosols and other chemicals into the air. While toxicity is not a primary concern, altering the weather patterns will definitely have environmental effects. Sources Cama, Timothy (March 13, 2015). EPA confronts chemtrails conspiracy talk. The Hill.Johnson, M. Kim (December 1999). Chemtrails Analysis. NMSR Reports, 5(12).Radford, Benjamin (2009). Curious Contrails: Death From the Sky? Skeptical Inquirer.Smith, Oliver (July 4, 2017). Incredible contrail made by Boeing 787 - what causes them, and are they part of a global conspiracy? The Telegraph.US Environmental Protection Agency (September 2000). Aircraft Contrails Factsheet.

Hacker Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hacker Culture - Research Paper Example Hackers may also block the public from logging in to the site hence the revenue details would be inaccessible. This study will focus on hacker’s motivation, their personality, and action. Personality of a potential hacker Potential hackers are people suspected to have intent to circumventing through a computer’s security system for their own personal gain. They may include students, employees, activists, and criminals among others. Normally, the potential hackers have an intention to access the information from Wisconsin department of revenue for commercial purposes. From a psychological view, hackers may be bitter about the unemployment rates in the society or they may be people with an exploration mind. Hackers use vulnerability scanners, password cracking software, packet sniffer software and spoofing attach to enter a system. However, due to the development in technology, such hackers can be identified by recently developed software. Such software is able to identif y any unusual activity in the site hence blocking it (Gayle, 1971). Motivation of hackers Wish to make illegal money by stealing Hackers are people with an intention of making an extra income from conning and swindling online businesspersons. By use of their ability to access secured systems, they are able to access important information for example credit cards data, bank details, identity and various other types of information. With such information, they create rogue accounts which they can use to purchase, borrow advance salary, withdraw cash etc. In case hacker accesses information from Wisconsin department of revenue, the government would loss taxes. The hacker would be able to change the income tax values of companies hence making such companies pay small revenue to the government (Jerome, 1986). This would lead to loss of taxes by the government. These unscrupulous individuals always pay these hackers and companies who need to evade paying taxes. Therefore the money they ear n acts as motivation to hacking. Intention to use other people’s ideas The intellectual property rights guide intellectual property. The legal systems of different countries have been designed to provide protection against use of other people’s ideas. However, the hackers are able to access such ideas and present them as their own. The information may include innovations, new formulas, and important research. New ideas and plans of Wisconsin revenue department stay at risk if a hacker has access to their files. Through the intention to use the ideas of other people, hackers are motivated to struggle and circumvent a computer’s security system. Intention to reveal industrial secrets Every business keeps records and files away from the public. Their records remain a deep secret that is only supposed to be accessed by authorized persons only. Such secrets include the marketing policies, the purchasing policies, and company’s plans. In addition, it may includ e illegal business activities used for the benefit of the company. The competitors are guarded from accessing these secrets as way of safeguarding the benefit and future prosperity of the company in the market. Hackers are therefore motivated to work hard and ensure that such vital data is available to the public or to specific competitors (Gu, 2010). Moreover, a

Structural Transformation through E-business Essay

Structural Transformation through E-business - Essay Example Fred Smith of FEDEX Corp built up his business by identifying a need – the need of Companies for timely delivery of important documents. He invested large amounts of capital in building up an expensive transportation network, because of his belief that a strong market existed among businesses for overnight delivery of time sensitive documents. A centralized computer system existed which kept track of all packages delivered and this was known as COSMOS (Customer Operation, Service Master Online System). A bar code was placed on every package at the pick up point and scanned at every stage of the delivery process. Fred Smith realized early on that the Internet would play a significant part in revolutionizing the logistics of the transportation industry. The centralized database system was improved by introducing various pioneering features, such as handing out PCs with FEDEX software for tracking of packages, hand held signature devices that delivery agents could use to record s ignatures and a website that contained information on package delivery status. Using EDI and the Internet, FEDEX also worked backwards along the supply chain and provided management services at several points along it, where different services could be provided; for example, transportation, inventory control, purchasing, etc. 3. In the achievement of its goals, FEDEX has capitalized the vision of its founder, Smith who believed the success of the Company lay in IT(Lappin, 1996) and has implemented IT systems that are geared towards strengthening its e-commerce operations. The realization that information systems could play a vital role in ensuring the success of business has enabled the Company to survive and gain a head start in package delivery (www.garyclarke.com).

Reasons To Vote :: essays research papers

This activity is rational because candidates must gain and maintain public support. The extensive campaign that most candidates go through requires large sums of money. This money is used to become visible to the mass by the media. The media is responsible for linking the elites with the mass. This is why the elites use the media so much. The media portrays the candidates in a light that will get the most ratings. Candidates spend more money to help put a positive spin or a higher approval rating on their campaign. Yet, this usually results in bad-mouthing another opponent. This, however, is not bad because the media is attracted by scandals, and they give most of their attention to scandals because that is what will attract the mass. The candidate acquires money from direct mailings and party affiliation. Direct mailings are frequently sent to members of large corporations who have large quantities of money at their disposal and who also would have a stake in the outcome of an elec tion. This interest group identifies in a way that if they give money to support a candidate, then once elected the candidate will return the favor and remember them by supporting a policy or other favor that would benefit that particular interest group. A party affiliation is made by a candidate to give the public a recognizable symbol because of some similarities between candidates. These similarities are a result of the candidate’s attempts to please the mass. He/she will try to appeal to as wide range of voters as possible. The candidates will acquire a general platform, but will make sure that platform is wide enough that as many people, or voters, as possible are able to hold it up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mass reacts rationally. About 50% of the mass bothers to vote at all and usually less if it is not a presidential election. This is because they are so disenchanted with the candidates as a result of negative advertisement campaigns, the depiction of candidates in media and their cookie-cutter policies. The mass cares more about economic security rather than political involvement. Most people would just as soon vote for a candidate that has been around while the economy is doing well, rather than risk it by voting for someone who does not have all that much experience. They hear politicians who are for â€Å"freedom of speech, free enterprise, etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and agree with these candidates.

Organizational Objectives and Total Compensation in Different Markets Essay

Total compensation encompasses all of the resources available to employees such as money, benefits, and services that reward the employee for their services with the company (Virginia Tech). A total compensation package covers may aspects such as extrinsic and intrinsic compensation. Extrinsic compensation is more of the monetary or legal means behind paying employees. Intrinsic compensation is the quality of life at work such as job variety or management feedback. Companies can use their compensation packages to attract certain types of employees and also retain them for an extended period of time. However, the reward of total compensation to attack and retain employees has not always been the manner in which companies treated their staff. For more years in history than not, companies would work their employees incredibly hard resulting in employees putting forth much of their life’s to work and receiving very little in return. Laws and Regulations The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) had a significant impact in the manner in which employees are to be rewarded for their work. FLSA set a minimum wage for employees to be paid, it established an overtime premium of time and a half for hours beyond 40 in a seven day period, and it set guidelines for how much minors were able to be worked (DOL, 2015). Equal Pay act of 1963 said that employers were not allowed to segregate their wages based on employee’s gender. This act created an historic definition of equal work; requiring both sexes are to receive equal opportunity for compensation. Women have generally always been paid less than men for doing the same jobs and the Equal Pay Act has been enforced to remedy the issue. Furthermore, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 went on to make sure that no person was discriminated against for race, color, sex, national origin, or  religion. This would include areas such as the hiring process; employee reviews, working conditions, promotion opportunities (National Archives). This act was the forefront of dissimilating discrimination not only in the work place but also in all business and educational establishments whether an employee, customer, student, or teacher. Taking the HR Consultant Role There are many things to consider within each company when it comes to creating a total compensation plan. Hiring a federally contracted employee in the government technology requires a different approach than hiring cashiers at a locally owned shop. While work related laws are pertain to all working individuals not all business are required to function in the same manner. For example, all working individuals are protected from discrimination. They must also earn overtime when deemed necessary according to FLSA. However, not all employers are required to provide medical leave to their employees. Under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, only employers with 50 or more employees within a 75 mile radius must provide this to employees (SHRM, 2010). The Davis-Bacon Act requires that federally contracted employees be paid a fair salary based on the current salary in the area. There are several varieties in total compensation available for employers to present a favorable plan to a perspective employee. These rules and regulations maintain some type of standardization from a governmental perspective. The laws and regulations mentioned about were implemented to provide a standard level fairness between employers and employees. They prevent individuals having to be put through high levels of extreme conditions from doing so without being properly rewarded for that tedious work. Without these laws and regulations companies would have complete control over their company and have the availability to to abuse their power. The establishment of such laws also created a competitive edge for companies when it comes to hiring and retaining employees. Much of today’s successful companies are top competitors because they are employee focused companies. They aim to please the employees because they are aware that if the employees are happy the customers are happy. Resources DOL. Wage and Hour Division (WHD). Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/ National Archives. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/ SHRM (2010). Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.shrm.org/legalissues/federalresources/federalstatutesregulationsandguidanc/ ages/familyandmedicalleaveactof1993.aspx Virginia Tech. Total Compensation. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.hr.vt.edu/compensation/total_compensation/index.html

A Complete List of Oprahs Book Club Selections

Oprahs Book Club is a cultural force. Books that might otherwise be overlooked by the general public catapult onto the bestseller lists after being selected. The so-called Oprah Effect is estimated to have sold more than 60 million copies of the Book Clubs selections, and its made several authors into household names. It goes without saying that authors would cheerfully kill to have their books make the list, but dont bother submitting one for consideration. Oprah Winfrey is personally and solely in charge of selecting her Book Clubs books, and her decisions are reportedly based on what she likes and what has moved her. Her producers nonetheless receive literally hundreds upon hundreds of books and manuscripts every week as writers beg for consideration. Its said that she doesnt comb through them looking for one that strikes her fancy. Rather, she reads something and thinks, This is great and includes the work.   Oprahs Book Club has been credited with reviving a culture of literary discussion,  and it represents one of the most lasting legacies from the original Oprah Winfrey Show. The original book club took a hiatus for a period of time when The Oprah Winfrey Show went off the air, then it was revived as Oprahs Book Club 2.0 in 2012 and is now based on Winfreys OWN network. Oprahs Book Club Novels by Year of Selection 1996 The Book of Ruth by Jane HamiltonSong of Solomon by Toni MorrisonThe Deep End of the Ocean by Jacquelyn Mitchard 1997 The Meanest Thing to Say by Bill CosbyThe Treasure Hunt by Bill CosbyThe Best Way to Play by Bill CosbyEllen Foster by Kaye GibbonsA Virtuous Woman by Kaye GibbonsA Lesson Before Dying by Ernest GainesSongs in Ordinary Time by Mary McGarry MorrisThe Heart of a Woman by Maya AngelouThe Rapture of Canaan by Sheri ReynoldsStones from the River by Ursula HegiShes Come Undone by Wally Lamb 1998 Where the Heart Is by Billie LettsMidwives by Chris BohjalianWhat Looks Like Crazy on an Ordinary Day by Pearl CleageI Know This Much is True by Wally LambBreath, Eyes, Memory by Edwidge DanticatBlack and Blue by Anna QuindlenHere on Earth by Alice HoffmanParadise by Toni Morrison 1999 A Map of the World by Jane HamiltonVinegar Hill by A. Manette AnsayRiver, Cross My Heart by Breena ClarkeTara Road by Maeve BinchyMother of Pearl by Melinda HaynesWhite Oleander by Janet FitchThe Pilots Wife by Anita ShreveThe Reader by Bernhard SchlinkJewel by Bret Lott 2000 House of Sand and Fog by Andre Dubus IIIDrowning Ruth by Christina SchwarzOpen House by Elizabeth BergThe Poisonwood Bible by Barbara KingsolverWhile I Was Gone by Sue MillerThe Bluest Eyes by Toni MorrisonBack Roads by Tawni ODellDaughter of Fortune by Isabelle AllendeGap Creek by Robert Morgan 2001 A Fine Balance by Rohinton MistryThe Corrections by Jonathan FranzenCane River by Lalita TademyStolen Lives: Twenty Years in a Desert Jail by Malika OufkirIcy Sparks by Gwyn Hyman RubioWe Were The Mulvaneys by Joyce Carol Oates 2002 Sula by Toni MorrisonFall on Your Knees by Ann-Marie MacDonald 2003 East of Eden by John SteinbeckCry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton 2004 One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquezThe Heart is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullersAnna Karenina by Leo TolstoyThe Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck 2005 A Million Little Pieces by James FreyAs I Lay Dying by William FaulknerThe Sound and the Fury by William FaulknerA Light in August by William Faulkner 2006 Night by Elie Wiesel 2007 The Measure of a Man by Sidney PoitierThe Road by Cormac McCarthyMiddlesex by Jeffrey EugenidesLove in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquezThe Pillars of the Earth by Ken Follett 2008 A New Earth by Eckhart TolleThe Story of Edgar Sawtelle by David Wroblewski 2009 Say Youre One of Them by Uwem Akpan 2010 Freedom by Jonathan FranzenA Tale of Two Cities by Charles DickensGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens 2012 (Oprahs Book Club 2.0) Wild by Cheryl StrayedThe Twelve Tribes of Hattie by Ayana Mathis 2014 The Invention of Wings by Sue Monk Kidd (this selection was actually announced in 2013, but the book was not published until 2014). 2015 Ruby by Cynthia Bond 2016 The Underground Railroad by Colson WhiteheadLove Warrior by Glennon Doyle Melton   2017 Behold the Dreamers by Imbolo Mbue 2018 An American Marriage by Tayari JonesThe Sun Does Shine by Anthony Ray HintonBecoming by Michelle Obama

How Do You Think the Problem of Priestless Parishs Should...

Parishes are a common practice in the Catholic Church. They are a division of a diocese which has its own church and members of the clergy. A parish priest is appointed and entrusted with the spiritual care of his parishioners. In 2008, 49,631 parishes in the world had no resident priest or pastor (CARA services. Frequently requested Church statistics). Parishes without a priest can cause great difficulties for people. The role of a priest within a parish is vital; a priest is someone who is there for the sick and the dying, a shoulder to cry in times of need and a priest allows parishioners access to each of the seven sacraments. In recent times the total number of priests has decreased and the average age of serving priests has†¦show more content†¦Their celibacy expresses their complete and total identification with Christ and their commitment to continuing his mission. Surely this preparation phase is enough time for a priest to either see the benefit in celibacy or lack there off for them as an individual. Celibacy is a big sacrifice for anyone to undertake. Married life too has sacrifices - very different sacrifices; however there is no value in saying one is more of a sacrifice than another. Those in a marriage have many sacrifices that may go unrecognized because they are considered normal. For instance, married couples have a commitment to their partners to be faithful, honest, and dedicated to making the relationship successful. For those with children, the commitments and responsibilities are even greater. There are many cultures around the world that do not expect clergy celibacy (Daly, 2009) including Christian denominations who allow ministers/priests to marry. These Churches demonstrate how marriage is compatible with the priestly life. These churches present a great example of how familial responsibilities are compatible with religious commitments. A study of married Evangelical ministers and Roman Catholic priests revealed that there were no significant differences in dimensions of religiosity or commitments to the parish between the celibate and married clergymen (Swenson, 1998). Both are

Army Values Essay - 1376 Words

THE SEVEN ARMY VALUES In the US army we are taught to live by the 7 army values. They are broken down to us in the acronym ‘LDRSHIP’. Loyalty â€Å"Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. constitution, the Army, and other soldiers.† Duty â€Å"Fulfill your obligations.† Respect â€Å"Treat people as they should be treated.† Selfless Service â€Å"Put the welfare of the nation, the Army and your subordinates above your own.† Honor â€Å"Live up to the army values.† Integrity â€Å"Do what’s right legally and morally.† and Personal Courage â€Å"Face fear, danger or adversity (physical or moral).† We are all drilled on these 7 army values from day one of basic training. First we commit them to memory. Then we learn to live by them. All 7 values have an impact on each†¦show more content†¦My guess is not to great.How do you think it will go when you ask him to do you a favor such as hey can you clean my weapon so it is clean when SFC Martin inspects them it dont get kicked back? he aint gonna do that for you because you were not loyal to him you have earned nothing in his eyes by screwing him over on the humvee PMCS. Ya give a lil ya get a lil. Duty to me is accomplishing a task that needs to be done regardless the motivation you have, how sick your feelin or how long of a ruck march you had this morning. Whether you love it or hate it the task is there to be done. If one does not fulfill their duties on a regular basis, then those around them have to pick up the slack, and any sense of loyalty begins to become tarnished duty and loyalty are intertwined in private first class Ansons eyes. like i said in the last paragraph when talking about loyalty in order to attain loyalty there are duties that must be completed inorder to seem loyal to another soldier or friend. Everyone wants to be respected. It’s in our nature, but in order to obtain respect, first of all one has to respect oneself. Second, one has to show respect to others in order to gain respect from them. If one doesn’t show respect to someone, that person may often feel blown off and lose respect for you. Respect in my eyes is like a math equation loyalty plus duty equals respect. respect is gained in conducting ones self in a way that others can standShow MoreRelatedArmy Value Loyalty1126 Words   |  5 Pagesessentially take a vow to be faithful to your commitment to the military which includes everything from vowing to be loyal to your unit, leadership, and of course to oneself. Oftentimes though, I have been told by senior enlisted members that the â€Å"new army† is non-argumentatively greatly different than what it used to be. And, typically the junior enlisted will ask why? What is different now than what it used to be back then? What is told to us, is normally a general consensus amongst the senior enlistedRead MoreArmy Values 133350 Words   |  14 PagesThe 7 Army Values; Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage, are the guiding force in the actions and conduct of every member of the U.S. Army today. Our failure to understand and utilize the moral and ethical guidelines expressed by the Army Values lead to troubled Soldiers and bad leaders. Loyalty Bear true faith and allegiance to the US Constitution, the Army, your unit, and other Soldiers. Be loyal to the nation and its heritage. Loyalty is a two-wayRead MoreThe Army Values Essay3283 Words   |  14 PagesThe Army Values Loyalty Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. constitution, the Army, and other soldiers. Be loyal to the nation and its heritage. I define loyalty as the willingness of a person to sacrifice at their own personal expense in order to protect, uphold, defend and edify those persons, ideals and/or things which they cherish most. The amount of loyalty a person feels towards someone or something determines how much they are willing to sacrifice for them. As a soldier, weRead MoreThe Values Of The Us Army1560 Words   |  7 PagesTeam Values Assessment The Values of my Organization The Values identified, manifested and espoused by the US Army are: Loyalty, Duty Respect, Service Stewardship, Honor, Integrity and Personal Courage. These are defined by our US Army as: Loyalty: Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit and other Soldiers. Bearing true faith and allegiance is a matter of believing in and devoting yourself to something or someone. A loyal Soldier is one who supports theRead MoreEssay on british army Values and standards1839 Words   |  8 PagesAC 63812 A British Soldier’s Values and Standards V A L U E S A N D S T A N D A R D S O F T H E B R I T I S H A R M Y FOREWORD BY THE HEAD OF THE ARMY Humans are naturally team players, we all seek the company of others and like to share our experiences. The British Army is the ultimate team. It has an excellent reputation across the World, which is built on trust. A lot is expected of you as a British Soldier; you will be required to serve in dangerous places, risk your life for your teammatesRead MoreEssay The 7 Army Values and Malingering1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe seven Army values are the backbone of the United States Army. They are broken down to us in the acronym ‘LDRSHIP’. Loyalty, â€Å"Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. constitution, the Army, and other soldiers.† Duty, â€Å"Fulfill your obligations.† Respect, â€Å"Treat people as they should be treated.† Selfless Service, â€Å"Put the welfare of the nation, the Army and your subordinates above your own.† Honor, â€Å"Live up to the army values.† Integrity, â€Å"Do what’s right legally and morally.† and PersonalRead MoreTHE SEVEN ARMY VALUES Essay1827 Words   |  8 PagesUnited States Army we are taught to live by the Seven Army Values. They are broken down to us in the acronym ‘LDRSHIP’ which is short for Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Inte grity and Personal Courage. We are all taught these 7 Army values repeatedly from day one in the United States Army. First we memorize these values. Then we are trained to live by them. All of these 7 values coincide with each other, and play an important roll in our Army lives. These 7 Army Values also play wellRead MoreValue Chain Analysis-Army Recruiting Company1817 Words   |  8 PagesValue Chain Analysis: Army Recruiting Company Foundation for Business intelligence Before he passed away in 1999, satirical novelist, Joseph Heller, wrote in his book Catch-22, â€Å"I had examined myself pretty thoroughly and discovered that I was unfit for military service† (Heller, 282). While in this instance, the individual was missing a leg and therefore not eligible for service, this quote has been used at times by those that have a fear or misunderstanding of the United StatesRead MoreTenets Of The Army Values With Empathy, A Warrior Ethos And Discipline888 Words   |  4 PagesConsistently represent and display the tenets of the Army Values with empathy, a Warrior Ethos and discipline. Integrate loyalty to the Army and ASG-KU and respect to people within my synchronization efforts of requirements development and contracting to support ASG-KU organic units, tenant units and other designated organizations within the ASG-KU AO. Establish objectives within the OCS Cell aligned with integrity, trust, and conscientiousness resulting in legal and moral c ontractual processes and

Red Bull Free Essays

Q1. How will you characterize Red Bull’s overall global marketing strategy? Red Bull has built an image as a trendy energy drink, catering to young adults and young professionals between the age groups of (16-29) years. It also targets young club-goers and private parties in order to spread its picture as a stylish drink. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also believes that it is not just selling a beverage, but instead it is selling a ‘way of life’. Red Bull also uses a catchy slogan as ‘Red Bull gives you wings’. These non –traditional marketing strategies of Red Bull are not unique to any market. The term ‘Glocal’ means to market globally, yet tailor the ‘message’ to appeal to local tastes. Red Bull does not follow a Glocal Marketing Strategy, as it does not alter the marketing techniques to any particular country. In all the markets, they cater to the same crowd and use the same pricing, distribution and advertising methods. Red Bull only offers its product in one size (250ml) cans, and design all over the world. Businesses that use global marketing embark on the same product, same marketing techniques and even the same brand names and packaging in all markets. Red Bull believes in marketing its product with one brand image all over the world. Hence, I can characterize Red Bull’s overall marketing strategy as ‘Global’. In addition, Red Bull does not use local marketing strategies as they do not conform to local considerations. Example Red Bull offers only two varieties in all the countries irrespective of the local demand or taste for a new variant. It also uses the same marketing campaigns of ‘buzz marketing’ or word-of-mouth in all the countries, irrespective of the nature of market in a particular country. Q.2 Argue for the most relevant segmentation criteria to be used in the International Marketing Selection process. The International Market Selection Process is a very complex process of foreign market screening that considers many factors. For a product like Red Bull, the size and per capita income of its target market is the most important criteria used in International Market Selection. Red Bull’s target market is young adults and young professional (aged 16-22). If the number of people in this age – group form a small fragment of the country’s overall population, then entering such a market would be risky and not profitable enough. Red Bull has built a brand image of a youthful energy drink and hence it can be successful only in markets that have a large number of young people. Red bull has dominated the energy market for a decade now. Its popularity and stylish design has allowed it to be charged at a premium price. Red Bull is a stylish and vibrant energy drink that is priced at least five times higher than the ordinary soft drink. Red Bull strongly believes that it offers its consumers something more than a beverage; it believes that it offers them a ‘way of life.’ It provides its consumers with energy and related brainpower to make the most of their time. Due to all of the above reasons, Red Bull can afford to price itself at such a high price. Therefore, it is important that Red Bull chooses those markets where the people have the financial capacity to purchase their product Q3. Which changes would you suggest for Red Bull’s future global marketing mix, in order to meet the future challenges? After seeing the success that Red Bull has got in the energy drinks market, new brands are entering this market. Hence, it is essential for Red Bull to make certain changes in its marketing, production and distribution strategies. Red Bull offers only one product with two flavor varieties. The new age consumers want variety hence; Red Bull should launch a new flavor depending on local taste. Also, Red Bull currently offers only one packaging size, it can introduce 1 litre Red Bull bottles that will be beneficial for the Clubs owners in terms of Raw Material costs and Red Bull in terms of Manufacturing costs. Red Bull’s pricing strategy has been beneficial to the company however, they should lower their prices a little in order to gain more consumers in certain markets. The marketing strategies of Red Bull are highly global. They do not alter their strategies according to local considerations. In order to gain an edge in this competitive global market it is essential for Red Bull to start taking local demands and tastes into consideration. Red Bull’s distribution strategy targets small retailers and distributors that spread the brand name through word of mouth to local consumers. They also use college students to help distribute the product. One thing that they can do in order to improve their product placement is start Red Bull kiosks. This can also act as a marketing tool. Red Bull uses non- traditional and out of the promotion techniques. They spend 30% of their revenue on marketing and promotion. I believe that their unique marketing techniques have worked for them and they should continue with them even in the future. Q.4 Red Bull is available in large cities in India across super markets, restaurants and bars. Evaluate the opportunities for market expansion in India. Red Bull has already targeted the right market in India i.e. young adults and professionals. Hence, in order to expand in India Red Bull needs to find new ways of attracting this crowd. Red Bull is priced at a high rate, youngsters get a fixed budget every month and cannot afford to spend so much regularly on an energy drink. Hence, Red Bull should be made available in college cafeterias at subsidized rates. In addition, Red Bull should be made available at call centers and night offices as a more energetic substitute to coffee. Red Bull contains less amount of caffeine than the amount of caffeine in a coffee cup. This information can be used to promote Red Bull over coffee. India has a large number of cheaper substitutes of energy drinks, therefore in order to tap the huge market share of India it is advisable that Red Bull reduce its prices for the Indian Market. Another strategy that Red Bull can use to expand in the Indian Market is to carter to the larger number of truck drivers that India has. Red Bull originally cartered to provide energy to truck drivers. It can start following the same strategy in order to increase its consumer base in India. It can start by making Red Bull available at highway dhabbas, and shops. However, in order to carter to the truck drivers Red Bull would need to slash its prices, until that is done this strategy will not work. Thus by following the above mentioned ways Red Bull can build a stronger and larger consumer base in India. How to cite Red Bull, Essay examples Red Bull Free Essays Target market Red Bull was one of the first Energy Drink. It gave energy to people who want to be physically and mentally fit from 1982. As the company reported, in 2011 red bull had sold 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull or any similar topic only for you Order Now 631 billion cans over the world with 11. 4 per cent increase of 2011. In selling, profits and productivity the data illustrated were the highest one of the company. (www. redbull. com) Moreover, as figure1 illustrated, Red Bull is the most popular energy drink brand all over the world from 2006 to 2012. Clearly target market is one of the most significant reasons for the Red Bull’s success. As the company’s slogan says, â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings†. Red Bull gave wings from the beginning and spread its wings quickly over the world. Until 2011, Red Bull was available in 164 countries. (www. redbull. com) Therefore, it is not necessary for Red Bull to set segmentations by geographic or geodemograhic. Besides, Red Bull is improved for people to create a clearly mind, dynamic performance and an active lifestyle. In other words, Red Bull helps people to be active physically and psychologically and have a zest life. Therefore it is also not useful for Red Bull to set segmentation by profile or psychographic. Red Bull is a drink to supply energy and increase endurance which could struggle for the physical or mental tired. It helps people to meet the challenges of everyday life such as work, drive, study and sports. (www. redbull. com) According to the text book, the definition of behavioural segmentation is the segmentation which slices consumers on the basis of how they act towards, feel about or use a product. Solomon, et al,2009) Consequently, the best way for Red Bull to set the target market is behavioral segmentation. Red Bull becomes increasingly important in people’s lives when they are working, studying, doing sports and driving. Workers and students are the most significant parts of Red Bull’s target market. Red Bull can make students and workers’ mind clearly. For students all over the world the Red Bull is as important as the pencils and paper. It makes students c oncentrate and perform well. And it provides students enough energy to the leisure time as well. It is essential for someone who works hard and pursues better performance. Sport is Red Bull’s main point. Red Bull supports about 500 professional athletes over the world. It makes sportsman physically and mentally fit. Red Bull provides the athletes a convenient way to improve their endurance, concentration and speed. (www. redbull. com) Drivers are the other large parts of the target market. According to the research from psychopharmacologist Dr. Joris Verster and his colleagues of Utrecht University, Red Bull can reduce driver sleepiness and improve driving performance. Joris Verster, 2010) | Red Bull enhances concentration, reaction speed and vigilance. Red Bull also focuses on the customer who plays video games, goes out day and night. In short, the target market of Red Bull is the customer who needs more energy physically and mentally. Figure1: Top Selling Energy Drink Brands 2006-2012 (Bevnet, 2012) Reference: Bevnet, 2012, Top Selling Energy Drink Brands 2006-2012, ht tp://www. energyfiend. com/the-15-top-energy-drink-brands marketing management†¦. Red Bull, , www. redbull. com Joris Verster, SAFE DRIVING STUDY, access at Springerlink. com. How to cite Red Bull, Papers Red Bull Free Essays Could It position the product in other ways? The product of red bull was set-up to market within energy drinks, the notions of market segmentation, targeting and positioning are key to the success of firms’ marketing efforts has concentrated on building relationship based on partnerships with sporting events and Iconic athletes . The target customers are around athletes , teenagers, students, drivers, clubbers, young business people and farmers. The marketing strategies can position the red bull in other ways, it was sponsored extreme sports events before, such as traditional television marketing program, radio r pop stars advertising, event marketing in sports and competition, organized public lecture, sent the sample to the sports company with free cases of its energy drink and encouraged them to throw a party. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also have lots of promotion to popularize; this can be changed values and needs of each target consumer. The lovely packages can be attracted the female customers. Besides, it can be promoted some limited edition of packages for different cities. Such as, it can be found celebrity endorsement and designed the packages with the photos of celebrities which can increase the sales. Red Bull can be created a new line which has extra caffeine. The new products can provide people more powerful than the original version and the cans can be increased the capacity from mall to mall with the same price. This new version of extra caffeine can be promoted to the long-time workers. Red Bull improves performance, especially during times of increased stress or strain, increases concentration and improves reaction speed and stimulates metabolism. Also, Red Bull can be created a new flavor which is cocktail favor and can be used as a very nice mixer with alcohol. It is very convenient for the people who love going to party or clubbing. Red Bull can be created a new product which not only for energy drinks. It could be a food like a power bar or candy. They can use a â€Å"Word of mouth† strategy. How to cite Red Bull, Papers

Credit Risk Management Lending Disasters

Question: Discuss about the Credit Risk Management for Lending Disasters. Answer: Introduction As a senior auditor in the firm of EA Partners, I would like to select Barclays Plc. in order to prepare a risk assessment report. Barclays is a banking firm that operates in the credit cards, retail, wholesale, mortgage lending, wealth management and investment banking sectors (Barclays PLC ADR. 2016). Along with this, the report would be helpful to represent the broad scope of risk in an effective way. The report would also be helpful to illustrate main financial risks faced by the firm. Moreover, the report would also be beneficial to develop control elements to mitigate the impact of risks in an effective way. Overall, this report will provide a complete assessment of risk exposure of Barclays Plc. Inherent Key Financial Risks The current business environment is very risky due to the increased volatility, unpredictability, and complexities. Moreover, business risks are increasing on the regular basis. The major inherent financial risks of Barclays are as below: Credit Risk: Credit risk is the risk that generates due to the failure of business debtors to fulfill their contractual obligations and to pay the credit. Barclays also faces credit risk because of its clients, customers, debtors, and market counterparties are not succeed to honor their financial obligations in a specific time period. On the other hand, it should be noted down that Barclays provide advanced credit facilities to its customers (Amiti Weinstein, 2011). On the basis of the financial data of the firm, it should be noted down that, in the financial year 2015, the firm has provided loan of 2.11 billion to its customers. This may create credit risk to the organization (Barclays PLC ADR. 2016). On the other hand, the firm is also obliged to monitor that advanced credit provided by Barclays will not be defaulted by its clients. Moreover, loans and advance credit provided by Barclays are the major source of credit risk to the business. Apart from this, debt securities, inter-bank loans, reverse repurchase loans, loan commitments and settlement balances with parties are also considered the major sources of credit risk to the company. Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk is a risk that occurs when a corporation faces trouble to sell its assets to offer capital in order to meet its short-term financial obligations in an effective and a significant way. Along with this, Barclays also faces liquidity risk because of the cash provided by the firm defaulted by its customers as well as counterparties. Moreover, it should also be noted down that, Barclays provides advanced credit to its clients and this excessive cash outflow becomes the major reason of illiquidity risk to the company (Johnstone, Gramling Rittenberg, 2015). On the basis of the financial data of the firm, it should be noted down that, in the financial year 2015, Barclays has 1.06 trillion as liabilities to pay, that may create liability risk to the organization (Barclays PLC ADR. 2016). On the other hand, asset sales as well as high costs of raising funds also make a reduction in the balance sheet of the firm that also creates liquidity risk to the organization. Apart from this, illiquid markets force the firm to hold its financial assets because of this would be beneficial for the firm in order to reduce liquidity risks in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Foreign Exchange Risk/Market Risk: Foreign exchange risk or market risk is a type of risk that occurs due to adverse movements in foreign exchange markets or rates. Along with this, this type of risk confiscates the potential profits as well as asset value of a firm that operates in the international market. This is also an inherent risk to Barclays. It is because of interest rates, inflation rates, foreign exchange levels, commodity prices, and equity bond prices influence the business as well as operational activities of the organization (Huang, Zhou Zhu, 2009). In this way, it can be said that, the above discussed are the major inherent risks that have an impact on the overall performance, productivity, profitability, market position and market share of the organization. Control Elements/Strategies to Mitigation Risk It is true that each and every business firm has some inherent risks that are dangerous for the growth and success of the organizations. Moreover, business firms adopt and implement numerous effective strategies in order to reduce the negative impacts of these inherent risks in an effective way (Colquitt, 2007). Along with this, the major control elements or strategies that Barclays may adopt and implement to mitigate the impact of inherent risks are described as below: Credit Risk Credit default swaps and credit linked note are two major strategies that are helpful to mitigate credit risk to the company. Credit Default Swaps: This strategy permits a customer to acquire a contract and to make regular payments to the seller. The CDS strategy also works as a speculative strategy. As per this strategy, the buyer is obliged to pay to the seller (Chaumont, 2013). The buyer would also be unable to hold the payment of the seller. Credit Linked Note: This strategy is helpful to reduce credit risk exposures to the corporation. The CLN strategy also permits investors to accept higher returns if there is a situation of any risk (Pickett, 2006). Moreover, the CLN presents a hedge for borrowers in opposition to explicit risks. Liquidity Risk The major strategies that are helpful to mitigate liquidity risk are internal pricing incentives and liquidity limits. Internal Pricing Incentives: Barclays can manage its liabilities by transferring the liquidity premiums in the internal business units in a direct way (Gray Manson, 2007). Moreover, these types of transfers are helpful to make sure that liquidity risk management framework of the firm is well designed to reduce the liquidity risk of the firm in an effective way. Liquidity Limits: The firm must develop a liquidity risk management framework in order to set liquidity limits of the firms. This framework takes help of assets and liabilities to set the liquidity limits in an effective and an appropriate manner (Mistrulli, 2011). Foreign Exchange/Market Risk Barclays may adopt and implement the below given strategies to mitigate the market risk/foreign exchange risk in an effective way. Forward Rate Agreements: The FRA permits a party to forfeit a fixed interest rate and also get a floating rate that is equal to the pre-determined date of contract (Huang, Zhou Zhu, 2009). Forwards Contract: Barclays would be able to determine the value of transaction, the exercise exchange date, and payment procedure in advance. Money Market Operation: Barclays should perform all its business and operational activities as per the pre-determined rules regulations of the money market. Moreover, if Barclays will follow all the guidelines then it will be able to reduce the market risk or foreign risk in a proper way (Pritchard, 2010). Interest Rate Swaps: This is an agreement between parties to swap a set of future cash flows. Moreover, with the help of this, Barclays may make agreements with its counterparties in order to escape itself from the interest rate exposures. Conclusion The above risk assessment report of the firm has demonstrated the major areas in which Barclays have need of effective risk management. Along with this, the risk assessment report of firm has described different components of risk assessment process as well as risks exposures. For that reason, it is suggested that Barclays should develop effective risk management to mitigate the risks in an appropriate way. References Amiti, M., Weinstein, D. E. (2011). Exports and financial shocks. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126 (4), 1841-1877. Barclays PLC ADR. (2016). Annual Financials for Barclays PLC ADR. Retrieved From: https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/bcs/financials/balance-sheet Chaumont, M. (2013). The risk-based audit approach: Auditing. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Colquitt, J. (2007). Credit Risk Management: How to Avoid Lending Disasters and Maximize Earnings. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gray, I., Manson, S. (2007). The Audit Process: Principles, Practice and Cases. Australia: Cengage Learning EMEA. Huang, X., Zhou, H., Zhu, H. (2009). A framework for assessing the systemic risk of major financial institutions. Journal of Banking Finance, 33(11), 2036-2049. Johnstone, K., Gramling, A., Rittenberg, L.E. (2015). Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. USA: Cengage Learning. Mistrulli, P. E. (2011). Assessing financial contagion in the interbank market: Maximum entropy versus observed interbank lending patterns. Journal of Banking Finance, 35 (5), 1114-1127. Pickett, K.H.S. (2006). Audit Planning: A Risk-Based Approach. USA: John Wiley Sons. Pritchard, C. L. (2010). Risk Management: Concepts and Guidance 4th edition. Australia: Taylor Francis.

The Institution of Slavery Essay Example For Students

The Institution of Slavery Essay The institution of Slavery The issue of slavery hasbeen touched upon often in the course of history. Theinstitution of slavery was addressed by French intellectualsduring the Enlightenment. Later, during the FrenchRevolution, the National Assembly issued the Declaration ofthe Rights of Man, which declared the equality of all men. Issues were raised concerning the application of thisstatement to the French colonies in the West Indies, whichused slaves to work the land. As they had different interestsin mind, the philosophes, slave owners, and political leaderstook opposing views on the interpretation of universalequality. Many of the philosophes, the leaders of theEnlightenment, were against slavery. They held that allpeople had a natural dignity that should be recognized. Voltaire, an 18th century philosophe, pointed out thathundreds of thousands of slaves were sacrificing their livesjust so the Europeans could quell their new taste for sugar,tea and cocoa. A similar view was taken by Rousseau, whostated that he could not bear to watch his fellow humanbeings be changed to beasts for the service of others. We will write a custom essay on The Institution of Slavery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Religion entered into the equation when Diderot, author ofthe Encyclopedia, brought up the fact that the Christianreligion was fundamentally opposed to Black slavery butemployed it anyway in order to work the plantations thatfinanced their countries. All in all, those influenced by theideals of the Enlightenment, equality, liberty, the right todignity, tended to oppose the idea of slavery. Differing fromthe philosophes, the political leaders and property ownerstended to see slavery as an element that supported theeconomy. These people believed that if slavery and the slavetrade were to be abolished, the French would lose theircolonies, commerce would collapse and as a result themerchant marine, agriculture and the arts would decline. Their worries were somewhat merited; by 1792 Frenchships were delivering up to 38,000 slaves and this tradebrought in 200 million livres a year. These people hadeconomic incentives to support slavery, however otherswere simply ignorant. One man, Raynal, said that whitepeople were incapable of working in the hot sun and blackswere much better suited to toil and labor in the intense heat. Having a similar view to Raynal, one property owner statedthat tearing the blacks from the only homes they knew wasactually humane. Though they had to work without pay, thisman said slave traders were doing the blacks a favor byplacing them in the French colonies where they could livewithout fear for tomorrow. All of these people felt that theDeclaration of the Rights of Man did not pertain to blackpeople or their descendants. All people were not ignorant,however. There was even a group of people who heldsurprisingly modern views on slavery; views some peoplehavent even accepted today. In his Reflections on BlackPeople, Olympe de Gouges wondered why blacks wereenslaved. He said that the color of peoples skin suggestsonly a slight difference. The beauty of nature lies in the factthat all is varied. Another man, Jacques Necker, told peoplethat one day they would realize the error of their ways andnotice that all people have the same capacity to think andsuffer. The slavery issue was a topic of debate among thepeople of France. The views of the people, based onenlightenment, the welfare of the country or plain ignorancewere tossed around for several more years until the issuewas finally resolved. In the end the philosophes, with theirliberated ideas, won out and slavery was abolished. .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 , .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .postImageUrl , .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 , .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379:hover , .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379:visited , .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379:active { border:0!important; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379:active , .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379 .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue23710a54183d177761a03048d2dd379:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Good Vs Evil Beowulf EssayCategory: History

History of Electric Christmas Lights

History of Electric Christmas Lights Like so many things electrical, the history of electric Christmas lights begins with Thomas Edison. During the Christmas season of 1880, Edison, who had invented the incandescent bulb the previous year, hung strings of electric lights outside his laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey. An article in the New York Times  on December 21, 1880, described a visit by officials from the New York City government to Edisons laboratory in Menlo Park. The walk from the train station to Edisons building was lined with electric lamps was illuminated with 290 light bulbs which cast a soft and mellow light on all sides. Did You Know? The first use of electric Christmas lighting was by Thomas Edison in 1880.The first illuminated Christmas tree was shown off by one of Edisons employees to reporters who visited his Manhattan house in 1882.Electric lights were very costly at first and required the services of a trained electrician.When the cost of electric lights became affordable, their use quickly spread as they were much safer than candles. It doesnt appear from the article that Edison intended the lights to be associated with Christmas. But he was hosting a holiday dinner for the delegation from New York, and the novel lighting seemed to fit in with the holiday mood. Up to that time, it was common to illuminate Christmas trees with small candles, which could, of course, be dangerous. In 1882, an employee of Edison put on a show with electric lights that was fully intended to establish the practical application of electricity to the celebration of Christmas. Edward H. Johnson, a close friend of Edison and the president of the company Edison formed to provide illumination in New York City, used electric lights for the first time to illuminate a Christmas tree. The First Electric Christmas Tree Lights Johnson rigged up a Christmas tree with electrical lights, and, in typical style for the Edison companies, he solicited coverage in the press. An 1882 dispatch in the Detroit Post and Tribune about a visit to Johnson’s house in New York City may have been the first news coverage of electric Christmas lights. A month later, a magazine of the time, Electrical World, also reported on Johnson’s tree. Their item called it â€Å"the handsomest Christmas tree in the United States.† Two years later, the New York Times sent a reporter to Johnson’s house on the East Side of Manhattan, and an astoundingly detailed story appeared in the edition of December 27, 1884. Headlined, A Brilliant Christmas Tree: How an Electrician Amused His Children, the article began: A pretty as well as novel Christmas tree was shown to a few friends by Mr. E.H. Johnson, President of the Edison Company for Electric Lighting, last evening in his residence, No. 136 East Thirty-sixth Street. The tree was lighted by electricity, and children never beheld a brighter tree or one more highly colored than the children of Mr. Johnson when the current was turned and the tree began to revolve. Mr. Johnson has been experimenting with house lighting by electricity for some time past, and he determined that his children should have a novel Christmas tree. It stood about six feet high, in an upper room, last evening, and dazzled persons entering the room. There were 120 lights on the tree, with globes of different colors, while the light tinsel work and usual adornment of Christmas trees appeared to their best advantage in illuminating the tree. An Edison Dynamo Rotated the Tree Johnson’s tree, as the article went on to explain, was quite elaborate, and it rotated thanks to his clever use of Edison dynamos: Mr. Johnson had placed a little Edison dynamo at the foot of the tree, which by passing a current through from the large dynamo in the cellar of the house, converted it into a motor. By means of this motor, the tree was made to revolve with a steady, regular motion. The lights were divided into six sets, one set of which was lighted at a time in front as the tree went round. By a simple devise of breaking and making connection through copper bands around the tree with corresponding buttons, the sets of lights were turned out and on at regular intervals as the tree turned around. The first combination was of pure white light, then, as the revolving tree severed the connection of the current that supplied it and made connection with a second set, red and white lights appeared. Then came yellow and white and other colors. Even combinations of the colors were made. By dividing the current from the large dynamo Mr. Johnson could stop the motion of the tree without putting out the lights. The New York Times provided two more paragraphs containing even more technical detail about the Johnson familys astounding Christmas tree. Reading the article more than 120 years later, it’s obvious that the reporter considered the electric Christmas lights to be a serious invention. The First Electric Christmas Lights Were Costly While Johnson’s tree was considered a marvel, and Edison’s company tried to market electric Christmas lights, they did not become immediately popular. The cost of the lights and the services of an electrician to install them was out of the reach of the general public. However, wealthy people would hold Christmas tree parties to show off electric lighting. Grover Cleveland reportedly ordered a White House Christmas tree that was lit with Edison bulbs in 1895. (The first White House Christmas tree belonged to Benjamin Harrison, in 1889, and was lit by candles.) The use of small candles, despite their inherent danger, remained the popular method of illuminating household Christmas trees until well into the 20th century. Electric Christmas Tree Lights Made Safe A popular legend is that a teenager named Albert Sadacca, after reading about a tragic New York City fire in 1917 caused by candles lighting a Christmas tree, urged his family, which was in the novelty business, to begin manufacturing affordable strings of lights. The Sadacca family tried marketing electric Christmas lights but sales were slow at first. As people became more attuned to household electricity, strings of electric bulbs became increasing common on Christmas trees. Albert Sadacca, incidentally, became the head of a lighting company worth millions of dollars. Other companies, including most notably General Electric, entered the Christmas light business, and by the 1930s electric Christmas lights had become a standard part of holiday decorating. Early in the 20th century the tradition began of having public tree lighting. One of the most famous, the lighting of the National Christmas Tree in Washington, D.C., began in 1923. A tree, place on the ellipse, at the southern end of the White House grounds, was first illuminated on December 24, 1923 by President Calvin Coolidge. A newspaper report the following day described the scene: As the sun sank below the Potomac the President touched a button which lighted up the nations Christmas tree. The giant fir from his native Vermont instantly blazed with myriad electrics which shone through tinsels and reds, while those who surrounded this community tree, children and grown-ups, cheered and sang. The crowds on foot were augmented by thousands who came in motor cars, and to the music of the singers was added the discord of horns. For hours the people thronged to the ellipse, which was dark except in the spot where the tree stood, its brilliancy heightened by a searchlight which shed its rays from the Washington Monument overlooking it. Another prominent tree lighting, at Rockefeller Center in New York City, began modestly in 1931 when construction workers decorated a tree. When the office complex officially opened two years later, the tree lighting became an official event. In the modern era the Rockefeller Center tree lighting has become a yearly event carried live on national television.